REDUCTION OF STATEMENT TO LOGICAL
FORM
EXAMPLE :-
1) Every man is responsible for his
actions.
2) Any men can lift this weight.
3) All that glitters is not gold.
4) Every military general does not have
a sound plan for defense.
5) What ever goes up must come down.
6) Men are not necessarily bad.
7) Not a single members of the crew was
saved.
8) Not even one mango in the basket was
rotten.
9) Judges are not at all partial.
10) Most houses in japan are build of
light material.
11) All most all the passenger were
injured.
12) A few donors did not help the victims
of famine in Bihar.
13) All but one member of the picnic
party did not return safe.
14) Central railway trains frequently run
late.
15) Perhaps modern men do not care for
religion.
16) Few men are free from vanity.
17) Few have peace of mind who prosper by
cheating.
18) Few nation do not wish to avoid third
world war.
19) Few great men are not considerate.
20) A few thieves are kind hearted.
POINT OUT THE KIND OF SIMPLE
PROPOSITION AND SYMBOLISED IT.
1) Alexzender was a military leader.
2) The sea is calm tonight.
3) Vijayalaxmi is indira’s aunt.
4) That big dog chases cat.
5) Clinton was one of the president of
the united states.
6) That is an artificial satellite.
7) Halen kaller was one of the world
most interesting character.
8) I am feeling better.
9) Badger is an amusing nick name.
10) This is rough.
11) John smokes.
12) Marcopolo travelled from vannece to
china.
13) Savitri like classical music.
14) Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan is among the
famous cultural organization.
15) It is real cool.
16) France had great trust in a Maganot
line.
17) Rajnikant was nursed by sheet wolf.
IDENTIFY THE KIND OF COMPOUND PROPOSITION AND SYMBOLIZED IT.
1) Osama bin laden is dead and the world
has lost great mujahid.
2) Either lata or asha will sing
3) If radha was the wife of Krishna then
Krishna was a male.
4) A triangle is an equi angular if and
only if it is equivalateral.
5) Saint lovis was not proud.
IDENTIFY THE KIND OF PROPOSITION & REPRESENT IT FORM WITH
SYMBOL
6) Lata is not both a good singer &
a good actress
7) The question is easy but not the
answer.
8) Neither sony nor Samsung is an Indian
company.
9) It is not the case that Jawaharlal
Nehru either a scientist or a saint.
10) In case an Australian is found of
reading, he has to hide that weakness.
11) Unless he has good practice, he will
lose the race.
12) If the light does not come on, that
either the fuse is blown out or something is wrong with bulb.
13) It is false that if an only if
ranjeet is a great musician he will be a great singer.
14) It is false that if a traib is
nomadic, it builds permanent shelters.
15) Either monkey do not sing or tiger do
not dance.
16) The standard of living will go up if
and only if real income increases
17) In case the ice is thin we will not
state.
18) History does not repeat itself.
19) Unless a soldier is wounded he will
not be relieved from war duty.
20) If and only if he score a double century
his side will win the match.
21) It is true both that doctor khurana
is an india and has seceded in
gene
synthesis.
22) It is false that charchile was a
journalist but not a prime minister of England.
23) It is not true that man has wings as
well as the tale.
24) It is not the case that either air is
a good conductor of heat or water is a good conductor of heat
25) Either the barrow meter is not
falling or their will be a strome.
26) If an only if he has influence as
well as ability he will get the job.
27) No were is degrading unless it
becomes so in the mind of the worker
28) A man can guard against he enemies
but never against his friend
29) Neither sumit nor sangita can dance
to this tune.
30) It is false to say that lapance was a
great astronomer
31) If hitler was insane, that either he
was not a jew or he was put in a mental hospital.
32) It is not the case that india is both
a democracy & not a democracy.
33) Fire workers of india walk on live
coal, but they do not get burnt.
34) Jawaharlal Nehru was not a communist
nor was he a communal minded person.
35) Gandhiji was not a handsome men, but
he look good on a five hundred Rs. Note.
36) It is false that if a person not have
kidney problem then his skin color will change.
37) He is cleaver & he is either rich
or lucky.
38) It is false that if an only if a
person is rich, he is honoured.
39) If a whale is not a fish, then it is
a mammal and is warm blooded.
CONVERT
THE FOLLOWING PROPOSITION INTO ITS LOGICAL FORM
& WRITE ITS OPPOSITION
1)
Not all question
have simple answers.
2)
All difficult
books are profound
3)
Any society can
work toward democratic
4)
Hardly any person
likes to renounce their world.
5)
William lillact
predicated the great fire of London.
6)
No over populated
country can be prosperous.
7)
All beggars are
useless.
8)
Many vegetarian
enjoy good health.
9)
No lady gossips.
IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING MODERN DEFINITION
1)
Look at the
following painting
2)
Between the devil
and the deep sea means to ne caught between two difficulties.
3)
According to
Humes “causation is nothing more then invariable sequence.
4)
Flower means
roses, lilly, lotus, etc.
5)
Man is a social
animal.
6)
A pallot means a
board on which a artist mixes its colour.
IDENTIFY THE
FALLACY
1)
Money is the
honey of life
2)
Taxies are means
of transport
3)
Hue means color
4)
Solid means not
in form of gas or liquid
5)
Men is rational
animal who has studied logic.
6)
A judge is one
who performs the functions of a judge.
IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING COMPOUND PROPOSITION AND CONSTRUCT THE TRUTH
TABLE FOR IT :
“in
case there is an earth quake , there will be destruction”
CONSTRUCT A TRUTH TABLE FOR THE FOLLOWING
PROPOSITION, AND STATE ITS KIND :
“If and
only if you have merit, you will get admission”
Reduce following sentences
to logical form and identify and name disturbed term or terms, giving reasons:-
1. Birds fly. (April 10)
2. Few patients are courageous. (Oct 11)
3. Many dreams turn into realities (Oct 11)
4. Monkeys have a tail (Oct 11)
5. Never is a man perfect. (April 10)
6. Not all your wishes will be fulfilled.(April 10)
Answer the following
questions, reducing sentences to logical form wherever required:-
(i) What is the sub alternate
of “Natural calamities can never be controlled by man”? (Oct 11)
(ii) What is the contradictory
of “India lost the match against South Africa”? (Oct 11)
(iii) What inference by
converse relation can be drawn from “Deepak is junior to Dilip”? (Oct 11)
(iv) What is the Material Obversion of “Metals expand when
heated”? (Oct 11)
Reduce the following to
logic form and identify and name the distributed term or terms, giving reasons
i) Never is a man perfect. (April
10)
ii) Not all your wishes will be
fulfilled. (April 10)
iii) Birds fly. (April 10)
Identify and construct a
truth table for the following propositions:
(i) If today is Sunday, college
is closed. (May 09)
(ii) The guests enjoyed the party and they left at night. (May
09)
State the logical form and
the truth values of the following propositions assuming the given
proposition to be false.
(i) The sub alternate of “All
rich girls are beautiful” (May 09)
(ii) The contrary of “No
elephants are tiny” (May 09)
(iii) The contradictory of “Some cases are complicated” (May
09)
Reduce the following statements
to logical form and name the term that is distributed:-
i) Any son is younger than his
father (May 11)
II) Roses are always pink
III) Some people cannot climb Mount Everest.
Indentify the following
proposition and construct a truth table for it.
He is both a singer as well as
a dancer.
ii) Indentify and symbolize the
following simple proposition as per modern logicians:-
1) A rose is fragrant
2) Lokamanya Tilak was a
freedom fighter.
3) The book is under the table.
Point out the relation of
the second proposition to the first proposition in the following pairs of
propositions :
i) Some physicists are
mathematicians.
All mathematicians are
physicists.
ii) All criminals are to be
punished
Some
criminals are not be punished .
iii)
Some students are lazy
Some students are not lazy
iv) No saints are pious.
All saints are pious .
v) China is not a democratic
country.
China is democratic country .
Vi) Some vegetarians are those
who enjoy good health.
No vegetarian are those who enjoy good health.
Reduce the following
sentences to logical form and indentify and name the
terms distributed 6
i) Not always Brain and beauty
found together .
II) None of the Pigs are
intelligent .
III) Many big cities have sky scrapers.
Do as directed: 3
1) State the material obverse
relation of
“ Men are strong . “
2) What is inference by
converse relation of
„ X is younger than Y‟
3) What is the observe of
„Some eggs are rotten „
Point out the relation of
second proposition to the first proposition 4
In the following pairs of
proposition :-
1) No Britishers are Arabs.
Some Britishers are not Arabs.
2) Some flowers are fragrant
Some flowers are not Fragrant.
3) All tigers are ferocious
No tigers are ferocious
4) No riots are desirable
Some riots are desirable.
Identical the kind of simple or
compound proposition and represent its symbolic form:-
(i) Churchill was not a
journalist, but the Prime Minister of England. (Oct 11)
(ii) Neither x nor y can play
cricket. (Oct 11)
(iii) This sheet of ice is
thin. (Oct 11)
(iv) An honest man hates
corruption. (Oct 11)
(v) Picasso was a painter. (Oct
11)
(vi) If and only if he influence, he will get the job. (Oct
11)
Give the contrary of „All rabbits are very fast runners‟.
State the sub alternate and
contradictory of „No television stars are chartered accountants‟. (April 10)
(iii) If „some toys are not
suitable for little children‟ is true, then give its relation to and truth of
„some toys are
suitable for little children. (April
10)
(iv) Reduce the sentence to
logical form and state its obverse and converse “Every equilateral triangle is
an
equiangular triangle. (April
10)
(v) Reduce the following
sentence to logical form and draw the square of opposition in relation to it
and write down
each of the relations in proper logical form.‟ Several
judges resigned in protest‟.
a) State whether the following
statements are True or False, giving reasons :-(May 09)
(i) “Animals into those which
live on land and those which live in water” is an example of too wide division.
(ii) The division of sewing
machine into needle, wheel, belt, bobbin, is an example of verbal division.
(iii) The division of Hindus
into rich, poor, tall, and short is too wide definition.
(iv) “Planet means Jupiter,
Mars, Venus, Pluto” is a biverbal definition.
(v) “Agony means pain” is an
example of a stipulative definition.
(vi) “That chairs broken” is an example of an ostensive
definition.
f) Identify the following modern definitions:- 6
i) Look at the beautiful
painting
ii) “ Between the devil and the
deep sea “ means “ to be caught between two difficulties.”
iii) According to home “
Causation is nothing more than invariable sequence. “
iv) Flowers means roses,
lilies, astors, lotuses etc.
v) Man is national animal.
vi) A palette means a board on which an artist mixes his
colors .
Identify fallacies of per
genus at differentitiam definitions in following examples:- 6
i) Money is the honey of life
ii) Taxies are means of transport
iii) Man is rational animal who
has studied logic
iv) Hue means colour
v) Solid means not in form of
gas or liquid.
vi) A judge is one who performs the functions of a judge.
i) Indentify the fallacies
involved in the following definitions ; giving reasons : 6
1) A bachelor is a young
unmarried male.
2) A lecturer who has tongue in
your ear and faith in your patience.
3) Music is food for soul.
ii) Indentify the fallacies of
logical division, in the following given reasons : 6
1) Sportsmen into cricketers,
hockey-players, foot-ballers and chess-players.
2) Cars into sports cars,
expensive cars and small cars.
3) Doctors into allopathic and Ayurvedic.
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