INTRODUCTION
-
Sociology
was first introduced during the nineteenth century in Europe. It was an impact
of historical thought. The different Revolution – French, Industrializations
led to urbanization which created many social problems, hygiene (slums etc.).
The growth of industries led to complex social evils and conflicts between the
owner of production & the employees (workers). Different thinking process
led to democracy.
Thus,
sociology took birth in the 19th century mainly in response to all
these requirements of the society. It started developing and established itself
as a separate social science in the 20th century. Sociology became
the scientific study of society, its structure and the progress as well. There
are different areas of disciplines that fall under sociological studies –
1) Political
sociology
2) Rural
& urban sociology
3) Industrial
sociology
4) Criminology
5) Sociology
of education.
6) Indian
social system
7) Sociology
& jurisprudence.
Definition
–
The term
sociology was coined by Augustus Compty, a French Philosopher in 1830. He is
rightly regarded as the Father of sociology. It is derived from the Latin word
“Societus” meaning Society and the Greek Word “Logus” meaning Science. Thus,
the meaning of Sociology is “Science of Society”
Method and technique in sociology (
Sociological Method)
INTRODUCTION
–
Sociology
uses a method for approaching social problem. Some of its method are
Historical, Comparative, Scientific, Statically, inverse deductive method,
socio-metric etc. some of the technique that are employee are observation
interviews, questionnaires’’, case study, service etc.
Scientific
Method –
Any mode
of investigation by scientific or impartial method. i.e based on systematic
method. It consist of systematic observation, classification &
interpretation of data. Scientific theories are not final they can be refined,
modified or even rejected on the basis of newly discovered facts.
Sociology
uses scientific method and conduct social experiments on specific fields. It
applies quantitative measurements to social phenomenon. Scientific
investigation is used by a sociologist in his experiments observation,
experience, study and analysis of social problem in the society is the subject
matter for a sociologist.
Sociology
principles are applied to get solution for social problem. Therefore scientific
method is free from value judgements * has a rational approach.
Sociometric
–
Sociometric
has been evolved by sociologist for measurements of non-statistical relation.
E.g – envy class conflicts, social adjustment etc. the technique used is a set
of measure in quantitative and diagrammatic terms, attraction 7 repulsion in
inter personal relationship etc. it is used for group shedies.
Social
Surve Method –
The word
serve has been derived from two words – ‘sur’ means over and ‘vier’ means see.
The literal meaning of surve is to see over. It is an important method used for
the shedy of social problem. It is used to collects data from wide geographical
areas. It consist of question that we posed to particular group which are under
scrutiny it uses interviews for recording normal and abnormal behavior.
Case
Study Method – (imp)
Case
study method is useful for fewer numbers of people. It is used to find out the
root cause for a particular problem. It studies an entire community, an
institution, a group etc. it determine the factors that account for complex
behavior patter. It uses different related method, like questionnaires,
attitude, skills, projective techniques, social surve etc. to understand human
behavior.
Method
of Observation –
One of
the most important method i.e – extensively uses –s- observation. The behavior
of an individual, a group, a community etc is observed. It understand significant
events affecting social relationship it involves the observes to maintain
records and focus on hypothesis and free enquiry. This recording may not be
selective.
Types of Observation –
1) Simple
or unaided
2) Controlled
observation
3) Participant
observation
4) Non-participant
observation
5) Intra-subjective
& inter subjective
Interview Method –
It is
the most important and oldest device to obtain information among human beings.
It is face to face interpersonal role situation where there is flow of
information.
Types of Interview –
Structure,
Unstructured, Focus, Repetitive, Clinical, Non-directive, In depth interview.
